Sleep · Tool

Caffeine Half-Life Calculator

Caffeine has a half-life of about five hours. The afternoon coffee is still doing work at midnight. Enter when you drank it and we'll show how much is in your system at bedtime.

Espresso ~75mg · Brewed coffee ~95mg/cup · Energy drink ~80–200mg · Cup of tea ~30–50mg · Coke ~35mg
5 hours is average. Slow metabolisers (~25% of people) are 8h+. Fast metabolisers ~3h. Pregnancy can push it past 10.
In your bloodstream at bedtime
57mg

28.7% of the original dose, after 9 hours. Enough to fragment sleep architecture even if you fall asleep.

To get below 50mg (the rough sleep-disturbance threshold), you'd need 10 hours from drinking. So with this dose, your latest "safe" cutoff is roughly 13:00 — earlier if you're a slow metaboliser.

How this works

Caffeine is metabolised by the liver enzyme CYP1A2. The half-life — the time for half the dose to be cleared — averages 5 hours in healthy adults but ranges 1.5–9.5 hours depending on genetics, smoking status, hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, and certain medications.

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine receptors. While it's bound, your brain doesn't feel sleep pressure even though it's accumulating. When the caffeine clears, the backed-up adenosine floods receptors all at once — the "crash". Caffeine also reduces deep sleep and REM, even at doses you don't notice subjectively.

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